Computer viruses are executable programs that replicate essential software and destroy or pilfer data. It is difficult to trace viruses until after it destroys software and data. Computer software becomes corrupted and document files erased from the system. The virus infects other computers and networks, resulting in software failure. Viruses also lead to software inconsistency, breakdowns and information loss.
Apart from virus problems, internet users face the risk of bogus ideas and dubious websites. Computer users are cheated through auction, online business and lottery schemes, credit card and identity theft. Virus types capable of infecting computers are classified below:
*File infecting virus: that attaches itself to files and alters executable software. *Boot-sector virus: Boot sector software, available with executable instructions, works immediately after switching on the system. This virus destroys boot-sector data; therefore the system collapses.
*Master boot-sector virus: works similar to boot-sector virus and attaches itself to removable disks, networks and hard-disks.
*Polypartite virus: Program software and boot area infection are traits of this virus. Both boot-sector and programs should be removed.
*Macro virus: attaches itself to user-created documents with software like MS-Word. *Trojan Horse virus: steals or corrupts files from computer. It spreads through email or software downloads.
*Worm: replicates individually with worm-infected documents.
*Virus Hoax: are threatening emails to frighten users about viruses and malware. *Metamorphic and Polymorphic codes: This virus alters its signatures and frequently mutates, making it unrecognizable. Brain or Ashar is supposedly the earliest virus in computer.
The internet and floppies were responsible for the spread of viruses.
Many software developers for piracy protection created and spread viruses on duplication. Adware is often spyware or shareware and, on installation, intrudes into the user?s privacy by displaying downloaded ads automatically. If the advertisement should be removed, the user must purchase the licensed software version. Antivirus software is used in computer systems to eradicate viruses. The scanner identifies viruses with the help of virus signature files. The software distinguishes and removes memory, boot-sector and macro viruses, often deleting or quarantining infected files. When viruses attack the computer, data and software backup, curtails the harassment and tension caused due to loss of vital data. Normally recovery from virus attack is possible after backup restoration. Floppies, CDs and pen-drives spread viruses. Hence ensure that you utilize scanned storage devices. Regularly scan emails with updated antivirus software. Firewall software prevents internet viruses and spyware from accessing confidential data. Firewall downloads and antivirus signature file downloads keep the computer virus-free.
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